Adjustment Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 794 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Adjustment Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment Adjustment disorder is a mental disorder that results from unhealthy responses to stressful or psychologically distressing events in life. This failure to adapt then leads to the development of emotional and behavioral symptoms. All age groups are affected by this disorder; and children have the same chance of developing the illness. While difficult to determine the causes of adjustment disorder, researchers suggest that genetics play a large part, as well as chemical changes in the brain, life experiences and mood. Some common stressor contributing to the disorder includes; the ending of a romantic relationship, loss of a job, career change, an accident, relocating to a new area or loss of a loved one. (Mayo Clinic, 2010) An adjustment disorder causes feelings of depression, anxiousness, crying spells, sadness, desperation, lack of enjoyment, and some have reported experiencing thoughts of suicide. Additionally, the illness causes one to be unable to go about their normal routine or work and visit with friends and family. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Adjustment Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment" essay for you Create order The lengths of symptoms vary from zero to six months (acute) and longer than six months (chronic). In the cases of acute adjustment disorder, symptoms can go away eventually; however, in chronic cases, symptoms begin to disrupt your life whereas, professional treatment is necessary to prevent the illness from worsening. Lastly, this disorder carries the possibility for abuse of alcohol and drugs, and eventually could result in violent behavior. According to a report issued by Tami Benton of WebMD, â€Å"the development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor(s) occurs within 3 months of the onset of the stressor(s). These symptoms or behaviors are clinically significant, as evidenced by marked distress in excess of what is expected from exposure to the stressor, or significant impairment in social or occupational (academic) functioning. The stress-related disturbance does not meet criteria for another specific axis I disorder and is not merely an exacerbation of a preexisting axis I or axis II disorder. The symptoms do not represent bereavement. Once the stressor (or its consequences) has terminated, the symptoms do not persist for more than an additional 6 months†. A determination is made as to whether the illness is acute or chronic. A differential diagnosis issued by Benton states that, â€Å"Adjustment Disorder’s (AD) are located on a continuum between normal stress reactions and specific psychiatric disorders. Symptoms are not likely a normal reaction if the symptoms are moderately severe or if daily social or occupational functioning is impaired. If a specific stressor is involved and/or the symptoms are not specific but are severe, alternate diagnoses (eg, posttraumatic stress disorder, conduct disorder, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, depression or anxiety due to a general medical condition) are unlikely†. (Benton, 2009) â€Å"Clinical treatment modalities are difficult due to lack of clinical trials; as these treatments remain a decision influenced by a consensus†, reports Benton. Because AD originates from a psychological reaction to a stressor, the stressor must be identified and communicated by the patient. The non-adaptive response to the stressor may be diminished if the stress can be eliminated, reduced or accommodated. Therefore, treatment of ADs entails psychotherapeutic counseling aimed at reducing the stressor, improving coping ability with stressors that cannot be reduced or removed, and formatting an emotional state and support systems to enhance adaptation and coping. Further, the goal of psychotherapy should include; an analysis of the stressors that are affecting the patient, and determine whether they can be eliminated or minimized, clarification and interpretation of the meaning of the stressor for the patient, reframe the meaning of the stressor, illuminate the concerns and conflicts the patient experiences, identification of a means to reduce the stressor, maximize the patients coping skills, assist patients to gain perspective on the stressor, establish relationships, attend support groups, and manage themselves and the stressor. Psychotherapy, crisis intervention, family and group therapies, cognitive behavioral therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy are effective for eliciting the expressions of affects, anxiety, helplessness, and hopelessness in relation to the identified stressor(s)†. (Benton, 2009) For patients with minor or major depressive disorders, who have not responded to psychotherapy and other interventions; trials of antidepressants are recommended. It is suggested that psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are recommended for patients suffering with a combination of adjustment disorder and anxious moods. A report further states that, â€Å"treatments that are effective with other stress-related disorders may be constructive interventions for AD; and that treatment relies on the specificity of the diagnosis, the construct of stressor-related disorders, and whether the stressors are involved as etiological precipitants, concomitants, or some other unrelated factors†. Benton, 2009) References Benton, T. D. (2009). Emedicine from WebMD. Medscapes continually updated clinical reference. Retrieved from https://emedicine. medscape. com/article/292759-overview Mayoclinic. (2010). Mayoclinic. com. Retrieved from https://www. mayoclinic. com/health/adjustment-disorders/DS00584/DSECTION=symptoms

The Economic Impact On The Economy - 995 Words

Oil is a huge part of everyone’s everyday life. From transportation to heating homes and businesses, oil prices are always dramatically changing due to the constant change of supply and demand. The economic impact that the price of oil has on the U.S economy continues to rise and fall due to political instability. Americans especially have a heavy reliance on oil, especially on foreign origins. The increasing price of oil has spiked large concerns and has become a major global debate. Many sources of oil are in economically and politically unstable regions and countries like former Soviet Union, the Middle East, and Africa. Not only is oil affected by this instability, prices are also determined by natural disasters and political issues. Due to an increase in demand, oil prices in 2011 increase instability due to more instability in oil producing countries like Saudi Arabia because of conflicts and uncertainty. The oil industry is one of the Commanding Heights of the global economy and therefore should not be regulated. It is a global commodity and is the most efficient method of allocation through the free market. The regulation of oil prices will produce the following effects. â€Å"The heightened concern over oil resources caused Americans to consider their reliance on oil, particularly from foreign sources†¦a debate has grown over â€Å"peak oil,† or the point at which production can no longer increase, this beginning a decline in resources; there is considerable and intenseShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Impact On The Economy2362 Words   |  10 PagesSudan’s economy was agricultural-led economy before the production of crude oil. Agricultural sector had a higher share of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) almost 48% of the GDP during that period and employed approximately 80% of the labour force (BBC, 2013). However, the discovery of the crude oil and the advent of crude oil exportation in the third quarter of 1999 caused a notable change in Sudan’s economic structure. In 2008, Oil export earnings constituted 95% of the total export proceeds, leadingRead MoreThe Eco nomic Impact On The Economy2326 Words   |  10 Pages The economy is most develop in the US and Europe. When the crash happened in 2008, Europe economy fell into recession extremely. Until today, it has yet to fully recover. Compare with the US that remains the economic giants. After nearly 10 years of economic recovery, we can see long term effects in banking, politics, housing and employment. So, what has been going on politically and economically in Europe? And what will we estimate about the economy of the US and Europe prospect 5 plus years fromRead MoreThe Economic Impacts Of The Economy1145 Words   |  5 Pagesrecession within our barely stable economy. A recession happens when the economy cannot produce an equal amount of output as input and livelihood are failing for six month timeframe. This is because of various elements: individuals purchasing less, a decline in processing plant generation, developing unemployment, a drop in individual wage, or a horrible securities exchange. These components including lack, decision, and opportunity expense are the reasons that an economy is considered in a subsidenceRead MoreEconomic Impact Of The Germany Economy852 Words   |  4 Pageswith a strong economy putting it ahead of its European counterparts, one of which is the United Kingdom. Despite the challenging economic setting within the European Union, Germany continues to be one of the world’s most influential and dynamic economies. Business and investment freedom are robust. Long-term competitiveness and entrepreneurial growth are supported by openness to global commerce, well-protected property rights, and a sound business regulatory environment. The German economy has progressivelyRead MoreEconomic System And Its Impact On The Economy Essay1078 Words   |  5 Pages7. Some Specifics: Economy Even though the economic system is not specifically targeted in this model, there would be large changes in the economy if this system was truly actualized and if the Christian population exemplified their beliefs. In the early Church, â€Å"no one claimed private ownership of any possessions, but everything they owned was held in common† (Acts 4:32). If Christians were to follow this model today, then they would not lead a capitalist economy. Instead of competition, everythingRead MoreEconomic Growth And Its Impact On The Economy2135 Words   |  9 Pageswere a failure. This is evidenced by the sharp decline in economic growth in the great majority of low- and middle-income countries, which coincided with and then followed these changes for two decades; and the concomitant decline in progress on social indicators such as infant and child mortality, and life expectancy. Perhaps because it is difficult to come up with an alternative to policy failure as an explanation for this collapse of economic growth, and because there has been such a strong prejudiceRead MoreThe Impact Of Economic Policies On The Economy1045 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand the principles and policies that make up our economy. Although many are unaware, the economic decisions made by the Feds, congress, and the president affect how individuals live, invest, and purchase on a day to day basis. As economic policies fluctuate and the value of the dollar increases or decreases, the demand, supply, and prices of goods fluctuate and determine individual s standards of living and how they consume. Whichever economic policies are currently in effect determines the affordabilityRead MoreThe Impact Of Neoclassical Economics On The Economy Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pages Neoclassical Economics is an attempt to restore some of the principles that Adam Smith, a pioneer for capitalist markets, advocated for in his Classical Economic theory. Smith suggested that minimal intervention should be required regarding government policy as the laws of supply and demand will be self-correcting. John Maynard Keynes was an important figure that worked to apply fiscal policy that would remedy an economic depression. Keynes’s idea of fiscal policy is the means by which governmentRead MoreThe Economic Impact Of The Australian Economy1265 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic impact is driven by factors such as the Exchange rates and the value of the Australian Dollar, the conditions of inflation and recession, the Cost of labour in the manufacturing sector, technological changes in manufacturing, the economic cycle and the political environment Kellogg’s has a company strategy to expand and increase market share and profit that is based on its fundamental strengths of being a Global cereal leader, Global snacks player and a emerging focus on frozen foods ThisRead MoreEconomic Impact Of Economic Globalization On World Economies2808 Words   |  12 PagesEconomic Globalization Economic globalization can be defined as the increase in economic assimilation and cooperation between countries, regions and small economies around the world through the increased movement of goods and services across borders. While globalization involves increase in political, economic and social interconnection across nations around the globe, economic globalization mainly involves growth in markets, international trade as well as advancement in fields such as technology

The Effects Of Health Information Levels On Postpartum...

Title Evaluation The title of the journal article to be critically evaluated is Influence of health information levels on postpartum depression. This title is not sufficiently specific because the variables are not easily understood. What is meant by health information levels? The reader must examine the article further to understand if this health information is provided, or does the article refer to the level of health-related knowledge each participant already possessed from another source, such as their career or education. Furthermore, the article doesn’t state a population. It would be helpful to the reader to know who is experiencing postpartum depression (PPD). For example, is the PPD experienced by teenagers, first-time mothers,†¦show more content†¦The reason for the lengthiness was that the article provided quite a bit of information regarding the methodology and results, which may have been presented later in the paper. For example, the title of measure wa s described. Also, the writing style of the author is difficult to follow at times. Overall, the abstract provided more information than necessary and may, therefore, overwhelm readers. Specifically, those readers who are reviewing multiple research studies in order to decide which are relevant for their particular interest or population. Introduction and Literature Review Evaluation The introduction and literature review successfully identifies the importance and prevalence of PPD. However, it moved from citation to citation. For example, the following excerpt from the article, written by Youash, Sabrina, et al. (2013), states â€Å"It has been well established that PPD can affect maternal-infant interactions (Beck 2001), and women with PPD display less affectionate behavior, are less responsive to their infants, and are more withdrawn compared to those without such condition (Pop et al. 1993)† (p. 489). It would increase readability to combine citations. Thus the sentence would read, It has been well established that PPD can affect maternal-infant interactions, and women with PPD display less affectionate behavior, are less responsive to their infants, and are more withdrawn compared to those without such condition (Beck 2001,

Essay on Liberalism has Helped Shape Western Political...

Throughout history, liberalism has been a key principle doctrine in which has helped shape Western political philosophy. Western liberalism traditionally presents its core values around individual freedom and equality. It is also typically associated with democracy, capitalism, freedom of religion, and human rights. These principles have been highlighted in Europe and the United States for the past three hundred years and has served as the dominant ideology of modern Western society. However, although liberalism provides well-rooted concepts, there has been misconceptions throughout history that needed reevaluation. For example, laws throughout liberal societies have put constraints on racial and sexual equalities. Religious views have†¦show more content†¦They broke out of the theological traditions to open their minds on a broader scope. Religious leaders did not have as strong of an influence in our society as the puritans would have liked. This opened our minds to more s ecular views, the conception of human nature and political relations in our society. But religion is still embedded into our constitution today. We still honor a code that worships one nation under god. But since the signing of the constitution, several new ideas and beliefs were made to truly ensure freedom of religion in our country. Immanuel Kant sheds light on why we need to stand up for our beliefs and how to rid ourselves of immaturity in his article on Enlightenment. In the article What is Enlightenment?, Kant explains that in order for us to succeed as the human race we must rid ourselves from our own self-imposed immaturity. Immaturity, he explained, â€Å"is self-imposed when its cause lies not in lack of understanding, but in lack of resolve and courage to use our understanding without guidance from others.† Basically you must think for yourself in order to achieve Sapere Aude, or in other words, have the courage to use your own understanding to build the life you want to build. This is the precept of enlightenment. Kant’s ideas about taking responsibility in one’s own actions is one of the reasons we have evolved to where we are today. But it has taken hundreds of years to evolve to where we are and theShow MoreRelatedThe Three Areas of Globalization954 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom being small to tiny.† It is not something one can pin point and define as a formal structure of the current international system. Global ization is a notion of the growing interconnectedness of the world categorized into three forms, cultural, political and economical globalization. Much like the quote by Thomas Friedman, globalization gives the conviction of the world being continually smaller and the pace of interaction ever faster. Visualizing globalization as an action that leadsRead MoreAge Of Enlightenment755 Words   |  4 PagesStates of America and France, encouraging the American and French Revolutions. The Enlightenment brought about a new age of philosophical and intellectual thinkers, such as John Locke, which helped shape and influence modern government and politics. John Locke is recognized as the father of classical liberalism, introducing the Two Treatises of Government, Social Contract, and private property, which formed the basis for the constitutions in westernized democratic powers such as the United States ofRead MoreThe Impact Of Romanticism On Science Across Time822 Words   |  4 Pagesdifficult to reconcile enlightenment grounded assertions that the primary focus of science has always been the discovery of natural â€Å"rules† and their applications, through pure logic and reason. Within this paper, the influences and cultural changes that the romantic movement brought to the categorised scientific discipline will be discussed. Reference will be made to how romanticism has (and has not) helped to shape functions and perceptions of science across time. A conclusion will then be made as toRead MoreRomanticism1649 Words   |  7 Pagesmovement illustrated inspiration, bias and predominance of individuals in the nineteenth century. Romanticism has a very small amount to do with events and manners traditionally thought of as romantic, even though love may seldom be the topic of Romantic art. It is rather an international artistic and philosophical movement that redefined the fundamental ways in which people in Western cultures thought about themselves and about their world (â€Å"Romanticism†). Romanticism began near the end of theRead MoreThe French Revolution First Popularized The Words Terrorist And Terrorism 1506 Words   |  7 Pagesviolence, such as surveillance, mobilization, and executions. The massive political, economic, and social changes engendered by the French Revolutionary government began to consume the revolution itself. Initiated to counter-revolutionaries, the government abuses of its institutions and power, has originally for the purpose to introduce the ideals of virtue and democracy. While in July 29th, 1794 Bertrand Barà ¨re states that France has endured a ‘system of terror’ the day after that Maximilien RobespierreRead MoreLiberal Perspective of a State7979 Words   |  32 PagesINTRODUCTION Liberalism has meant many things over the last 400 years and has provided significant benefits to the human race. Basically, liberalism is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights and so, the main theme of liberalism throughout the period of its development was that the purpose of state is the promotion and protection of human freedom and equality and ensuring of human happiness. Liberalism meant the removal of traditional distinctions that were imposed on people. Read MoreAfrican Studies : A Large Part Of The Misconception Of Africa2557 Words   |  11 PagesStereotypes play a large part of the misconception that the world has on the massive African continent. Africa is not only one of the biggest continents but has a lot of history behind it, this makes people misunderstand the true meaning of Africa as well as Africans. In order to fully grasp the study of Africa, the culture, origins, experiences, environment, etc. of the continent and its people must be studied and understood. (Azevedo 6). Africa’s history is vast and complex continent when comparedRead MorePunjabi9291 Words   |  38 PagesOF SWARAJ, SATYAGRAHA AND CRITIQUE OF WESTERN CIVILISATION Structure ! I 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Objectives Introduction The Civilisational Justification and British Rule 19.2.1 Gandhi, Moderates and the Extremists on the Legitimacy of British Rule i I I Gandhis Hind Swaraj 19.3.1 Gandhi, Extremists and British Colonialism 19.3.2 Gandhi, Moderates and British Colonialism 19.3.3 Gandhi on Swaraj 19.4 Gandhis Critique of Modern Civilisation 19.4.1 Western Influences on Gandhi 19.4.2 Meaning ofRead MoreThe Islamic Revolution Of Iran3396 Words   |  14 PagesThe 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran changed the geo-political landscape of the Middle East and ushered in more than three decades of hostility with the United States. In the aftermath, the leaders of the revolution proclaimed their intent to export their vision of political Islam to the rest of the region and help Iran take its rightful place as a regional hegemon. In 1979, the US was embroiled in the Cold War and in the minds of the American public, the Middle East was little more than a Cold WarRead MoreHerbert Spencer Essay13142 Words   |  53 Pages | Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) was an English philosopher, scientist, engineer, and political economist. In his day his works were important in popularizing the concept of evolution and played an important part in the development of economics, political science, biology, and philosophy. Herbert Spencer was born in Derby on April 27, 1820. His childhood, described in An Autobiography (1904), reflected the attitudes of a family which

How Color Is Important Aspect Of Communication - 975 Words

When people hear the word â€Å"communicating†, most of them would imagine verbal cues. However, as an aspiring soon-to-be professional in the marketing industry, I have learnt through studies that many aspects must come together to form an advertisement (for a product, campaign, event, etc.) which can consequently be deemed worth marketing; with the help of esteemed graphic designers. One such aspect that this paper will focus on is color. Color is an important aspect of communication, and moreover marketing because it evokes emotion, defines brands, and influences purchase decisions. By analyzing the properties of color in depth, we can use our knowledge of this topic to differentiate between using colors that may help or hinder our success, in industries such as marketing that are heavily reliant upon the use of colors. Colors generate feelings in us that can shape our perception of advertisements. Designers play with the properties of colors such as â€Å"hue† and à ¢â‚¬Å"saturation†; they make colors appear more â€Å"saturated† and more â€Å"soft; they make colors â€Å"darker† and â€Å"brighter†. Designers spend countless hours searching for the perfect colors. Why do they do this? A quintessential part of communicating through advertisements are the non-verbal cues present in them. Color is one such cue with its ability to evoke emotion within audiences. For example, the color Red is associated with anger, although it is also linked with importance. Additionally, it is associated with danger (ex.Show MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Color Culture890 Words   |  4 Pagesyour notes on color with the listings on the website for Color Culture. It’s eye opening to learn how color is interpreted around the world. As I compare my thoughts on color to that of different cultures I am amazed at the variety of connections that are made through this artistic aspect of life. It seems as if I have the closest connection to the psychological interpretations of color. My thoughts on the color green for example perfectly fit with the psychology description of the color which is:Read MoreEducators are not Meeting the Needs of their Cultural Diverse Classrooms625 Words   |  3 Pagesless diverse, the author writes about how teachers can better convey and accept culture in the classroom. Currently prejudice, stereotypes and cultural assumptions are present in classrooms but are ineffectively met by educators. The author attributes these problems to children of color and low economic situations are a result of miscommunication within the classroom and teaching staff. One of the major themes of this book is the imbalance of pow er and how this culture of power is impacting theRead MoreMedia Coverage of Sports, Questions and Answers894 Words   |  4 Pagesthe cover that draws the reader into the magazine. Step 2: Describing case study The main person being depicted on this cover is KM whose image was converted into a naturalistic psychological portraiture oil painting (J. Hayes, personal communication, March 22, 2014). The image is of him having tears running down both of his cheeks with the tears having a ‘pop’ sensation since they are located on the dark complexion of his skin. KM image takes up most of the cover with just a close-up shotRead MoreEssay on Using Semiotics for Branding 1261 Words   |  6 Pagesconsumers or interpreters. They also relay on the connotation and denotation of the signs as well as the colors being used. When it comes to the entire package of a marketing plan and branding a company or product, graphic designers need to look at how to create the brand from a visually and culturally pleasing aspect. A brand is mostly based on a semiotic design that uses a trademark image and colors that relate to a group in a cultural setting. When it comes to branding, a company should be able toRead MoreDifferent Positive And Unique Aspects Of Intercultural Relationships1233 Words   |  5 Pagesare several different positive and unique aspects of intercultural relationships. Intercultural relationships allow individuals to understand other people of different cultures, ethnicities, gender and etc. It is interesting understanding other peoples beliefs as well as how they have lived there life’s. A positive aspect of intercultural relationships is the difference between the two people. I think it is interesting learning how other people think and how they were brought up. When you are in anRead MoreWorld Police1072 Words   |  5 PagesEffective Communication in the Workplace Dominic Defalco BUS100 Intro To Business Grace Flannigan 11/8/2015 In the fast-paced world that we live in, communication has become a way of life, especially within the business environment. From a managers point of view, communication is the key to the success of many objectives and goals set by individuals and upper management. Unfortunately, management at every level is experiencing increased tension andRead MoreSchool Bus Safety Campaign : An Exciting Time For Many Young Students910 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst day of school can be scary yet exciting. Many students are anxious about how their first day of school is going to go and worried about getting lost. What most kids don’t think about are the dangers of distracted or unlawful drivers as they get on or off of a bus. The illustrator of the visual I chose uses context, purpose, color, movement, and text to trigger an emotional appeal from the viewers. The use of those aspects helps persuade drivers to obey traffic laws. The Government of Alberta’sRead MoreMark Zuckerberg : The World Of Social Media1502 Words   |  7 PagesHe has come to represent the new face of social media and he has Facebook’s five hundred and fifty million users to support this claim. The establishment of Facebook has made entrepreneur Mark Zuckerberg a symbol of social media innovation and communication for the 21st century. Named the 2010 person of the year by Time magazine, Mark Zuckerberg’s revolutionary idea allowed him to become an iconic business figure and multi-billionaire by his mid-20s. Mark Zuckerberg was born into a well-educatedRead MoreFine Art And Commercial Art1456 Words   |  6 Pagesartists are not credited for the work. The main purpose of commercial art is communication. A commercial artist organizes information in an effective visual presentation to portray the virtues of a particular service or product. In most cases the employers hire commercial artists to create advertisements, animations and illustrations, which conveys a message intended for consumers. Communication is therefore decisively important in this field. Conversely, the definition of fine art has been generallyRead MoreBody Language and Effective Communication1172 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Body Language Effective Communication People do not communicate through words alone, or only through writing, speaking and listening. There is another aspect of communication, i.e., nonverbal (non-word). Nonverbal communication is the wordless world of communication. Body language is one of the forms of nonverbal communication, which has been much researched. It is the communication of personal feelings, emotions, attitudes, and thoughts through body movements. Insomuch, society is concerned

Law of Contract Market Value

Question: Discuss about the Law of Contract for Market Value. Answer: 1(a): The first question, the issue is on the basis of the fact that Jane had offered to give her sports car to Jack as she's going abroad. Although the market value of the car is nearly $25,000 but Jane had not mentioned any consideration for the car. As the offer made by Jane has been accepted by Jack, the issue is if the promise made by Jane is legally enforceable and if this promise can be enforced by Jack. Under the contract law, there are certain necessary elements that have to be present due to which any given becomes legally enforceable. These elements include offer and acceptance. Similarly, one such element is consideration. The law of contract provides that they should be consideration present to support the promise made by the other party. In this regard the law provides that consideration can be in the form of money and similarly can also be a promise to do or not to a particular thing (Atiyah, 2000). According to the law, past consideration is not treated as valid (Re McArdle, 1951). In this case also, Jack has not supplied any consideration in return of the promise made by Jane to give her sports car. The result is that Jack does not have an enforceable agreement. (b): Jane has made a promise according to which she is going to sell her sports car to Jack and in return, Jack is going to pay the price of $25,000. This offer has been accepted by Jack. Therefore, it has to be considered in this question if Jack has an enforceable promise against Jane. In other words, if a contract has been created between Jane and Jack? In order to decide this issue, the basic requirements that are necessary in a legally enforceable contract are present in this case. A valid contract is not only an agreement created between the parties. For creating a valid contract, the law requires that six necessary elements should be present in the agreement due to which it becomes legally enforceable or a valid contract. Therefore, one party should make an offer and the other party should accept it (Beatson, Burrows and Cartwright, 2010). They should be consideration present and at the same time, it should be the intention of the parties to create a legal relationship and the party should also have the capacity to do so. In the present case, all the necessary elements are present. Jane had made an offer at the same as been accepted by Jack. The consideration of $25,000 is also present. This is also the estimated market value of the car. The result is that in this case Jack has an enforceable agreement with Jane. (c) The issue with this case deals with the adequacy of consideration. An offer has been made by Jane according to which, she is going to sell her sports car at a price of $2500. However in reality, the market value of the car is around $25,000. In view of these facts, it needs to be decided if the agreement created between Jane and Jack can be termed as legally enforceable, especially in view of the fact that the parties have mentioned very low price for the car. Therefore it becomes significant to consider if the consideration supplied by the parties is adequate or if due to the lack of adequate consideration, the contract cannot be enforced (Collins, 2003). For dealing with such a case, the law contract is clearly mentioned that the adequacy of consideration does not affect the validity of the agreement. In this regard, the traditional rule provides that while it is necessary that sufficient consideration should be present but it is not necessary that adequate consideration should also be supplied. It is not required under the law contract that the consideration present in the agreement should be whether the market value of the goods or services provided under the contract. For this purpose, the law of contract requires that the consideration it be something real. Therefore consideration should be something that has some value (Chappell v Nestle, 1960). Even if it has been decided by the parties that in the return of a large house, a price of one dollar will be paid, it will be considered as sufficient consideration although it may not be an adequate consideration. It is not for the courts to decide if the parties had a good or a bad ba rgain under the contract. Although in common language, adequacy and sufficiency are the terms that are used interchangeably but in case of the law of contract, adequacy is used for mentioning the circumstances where the price paid in return is not equal in value to the thing that was received by the other party. However, the decision has to be made by the parties to the contract what can be an adequate consideration in return of the promise made under the agreement. Therefore, even if adequate consideration is not present, the validity of the contract is not affected by it (McKendrick, 2009). Consequently a bona fide consideration has been supplied by the parties under the contract, the court will not go into the question if there is full and ample consideration present in the contract. According to the general rule, adequate consideration is not necessary for the formation of a valid contract and the only requirement is of sufficient consideration. Any consideration having some value is considered as suffici ent. Therefore, the law provides that morality and natural love and affection are not treated as sufficient consideration and therefore cannot support a promise made under an agreement. How in the present case, sufficient consideration has been supplied by Jack, although the consideration is not adequate. However this fact does not affect the validity of the contract created between Jane and Jack. Therefore an enforceable agreement is present. 2: According to the issue that has to be decided in this case, it needs to be considered if the they promised that was made by the fire for paying additional US $3 million to the shipbuilder can be legally enforced or if this amount can be recovered by the buyer from the shipbuilder. In order to deal with the, the contract law rules related with consideration need to be applied. Under the contract law, consideration is the exchange of a thing for the purpose of forming a legally enforceable contract. In all valid contracts, consideration should be present. As a result, gratuitous promises are not considered as being legally enforceable (Peel and Treitel, 2011). In this regard, the traditional role of the contract law was that performing an existing duty was not treated as a good consideration to support a new promise for paying an additional benefit. However, there have been certain changes made to the general rule. The existing duty rule provides that by performing a pre-existing duty, it cannot be said that a good consideration has been supplied for any variation in the terms of the contract, according to which an additional benefit has to be provided. When the promisee has only performed their legal duty imposed by a pre-existing contract, the performance is not treated as a good consideration. Therefore when the parties to the contract have already agreed regarding something in accordance with the contract, according to the law, the terms of such a contract cannot be varied if a new consideration is not provided for it. Therefore, the legal position is that when there is already a contractual duty imposed on the promisee for doing something, the law does not allow the promisee to demand any extra be nefit under the contract. The basis for the rule was provided by the decision given by the court in Stilk v Myrick (1809). However this case only presents the traditional approach that was adopted under the contract law regarding the existing duty rule. The brief facts of this case are that Stilk, the plaintiff was an employee of the shipowner Myrick and had entered into a contract to work on the ship. It was mentioned in this contract that Myrick will pay 5 pounds per month to Stilk during the period, the ship remained on the sea. During the voyage of the ship, two members of the crew deserted the ship and any replacement for these crew members was not found. Under these circumstances, Myrick made a promise to the rest of the members of the crew that the wages of the two crew members who had deserted the ship will be given to them if apart from fulfilling their own duties, the crew also perform the duties of the two deserters. But when the ship arrived at its home port, London Myrick refused to make this payment to the remaining crew members. As a result, Myrick was sued by Stilk for the recovery of this amount. The issue before the court was if the remaining members of the crew of the ship can enforce this promise according to which, the wages of the two crew members who had deserted the ship will be given to them. It was argued by the plaintiff that this promise had been made by the dependent in return of the additional labor done by them. On the other hand, the argument of the defendant was that no fresh consideration has been provided by the rest of the members regarding the new promise to pay them the wages of the two deserters. The defendant also argued that the crew members already had argued the to make sure that the ship is brought to his home port as mentioned in the original contract. The defendant tried to rely on the pre-existing rule according to which, if the parties had entered into a contract for doing something, the terms of this contract cannot be changed without a fresh consideration. Under these circumstances, the decision of the court was that the rest of the crew membe rs cannot enforce the promise and therefore, they cannot claim the wages of the two deserting crew members. Since the promise made by Myrick was not legally enforceable. However there was a significant change as a result of the decision given in Williams v Roffey Bros (1990). The court had relied on the practical benefit rule in order to describe a few present in this case. Similarly, a new approach was adopted by the courts in context of the existing duty rule. In this case, an agreement was created between the building contractors and the house owner. According to this agreement, 37 flats had to be renovated. The building contractor entered into a subcontract with the carpenter Williams. This contract provided that the defendant building contractor will pay an amount of 20,000 for doing the carpentry work in the flats this amount was to be paid in installments. After some part of the work was completed, a sum of 16,200 was paid to Williams by the defendant. But at this point, William faced financial difficulties and was not in a position complete the work on time. The parties agreed that the price that has been decided in the original contract was too low. As a result, a promise was made by the defendant that an additional amount of 575 will be paid on the completion of carpentry work in each flat on time. According to the contract that was created between the building contractors in the house owners, there was a penalty clause applicable if there was any delay in completing the work. Therefore in order to avoid this penalty clause, the defendants agreed to pay additional amount to Williams. But when this work was completed, the defendant refused to make this payment. Consequently, the court had to decide if the performance of an existing duty can be treated as the valid consideration for the promise to pay additional money. The court stated that the defendants were legally obliged to pay the extra money promised by them. In this case, the consideration has been provided by the practical benefits that were going to be achieved by the defendants as a result of the completion of the work on time, like the avoidance of the penalty clause present in the contract with the house owners. In the present case also, the buyers had made a promise to pay additional amount of money for the completion of the tanker on time. The buyers already had a charter for the tanker. Therefore, by completion of the tanker on time, the buyer is going to achieve practical advantages. Under these circumstances, the promise made by the buyer to pay additional money to the shipbuilders is legally enforceable and therefore the one cannot recover the extra amount of US $3 million from the shipbuilders. References Atiyah, P.S. 2000 An Introduction to the Law of Contract, Clarendon Beatson, J. Burrows A. and Cartwright, J. 2010 Anson's Law of Contract, 29th edn OUP Collins, H. 2003, Contract Law in Context 4th edn CUP McKendrick, E. 2009 Contract Law 8th edn Palgrave Peel E and Treitel, G.H. 2011, Treitel on the Law of Contract, 13th edn Sweet and Maxwell Case Law Chappell v Nestle [1960] AC 87 Pinnel's Case [1602] 5 Co. Rep. 117 Re McArdle (1951) Ch 669 Stilk v Myrick [1809] EWHC KB J58 Williams v Roffey Bros and Nicholls Contractors) Ltd (1990) 1 All ER 512

English subculture free essay sample

It is a culture within a culture 2. Name some of the subcultures you know. Hip-hop, memo, hooligan hippie 3. What subculture is represented in the picture? Hip-Hop Why are members of the group easily recognizable? Because they are getting ready to go on stage themselves 4. What is stereotyping? Give example of stereotypes. Its a way of seeing people. E. G. The Germans are drinking a lot of beer 5. How might people stereotype you? As a person who like to have fun and party! Reading 1. Describe the poll featured in the article. Statistics about children answered by adults 2.What words and expressions were used by adult Britons to describe children? Animal, feral, vermin 3. What is general perception of todays children and young people in Beginning to behave like animals and that they are increasing the danger to society 4. Are British youngsters as criminal as they believed to be? Not at all they are only responsible for 12 % not 50 % 5. We will write a custom essay sample on English subculture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What percentage Of crime in the KICK is committed by young people? 12 % Geeks/ nerd: What is distinctive about the group Geeks are shy, love games or an other geek things (Math, school, magna, nine, science and many more things).Many are not good to talk to new people. Some are very lonely and dont go out much. Because of that are they bullied by many. But there are many geeks, so they find each other. What attitude is shown by its members towards dress and interests? Geeks is not interested in that to wear and not to wear. Stereotypical nerd appearance includes very large glasses, braces, severe acne and pants highly lifted up. In the media, many nerds are white males, portrayed as being physically unfit, either overweight or very thin. Products that would appeal to the members of the group.Geeks love games, books, all types of food, music, electronics. Summarize the story using the graphic organizer. Beginning a man ask the bus conductor 1. Bus conductor is negative 2. Another person joins the debate Old woman 3. Another one joins the debate old man 4. Another one joins the debate girl 5. Suddenly all start discussing END he talk with the police about the incident. What generalizations are used by the characters in the story? Old people doesnt see young people as good as them If you dont dress properly your parents havent got any control Are there any stereotypes?No because they are all negative Discussion Who fault and could I have been avoided The bus conductor because he was rude Name some stereotypes of the Danish people. Has a great quality of life Drink quite a bit Beautiful women everywhere They started from a part truth Name some stereotypes Of Other culture. Americans are obsessed with celebrity partly truth Germen like beer- partly truth Spain has good weather truth Italy has great food partly truth England drink tea and are football enthusiast Spain love bull fights Frenchman are self-confident, arrogant and unwilling to speak EnglishItalians are hot-tempered, over-emotional and bad drivers Americans are fat, war-mongering and ignorant about other cultures Russian drink a lot of vodka Japanese 1 . They are in love. They look old fashioned. Big ball gob#l. They are similar, but there is difference with the original Romeo and Juliet story.