Biography of Henry Ford, Industrialist and Inventor

Henry Ford (July 30, 1863–April 7, 1947) was an American  industrialist, the founder of the  Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the  assembly line  technique of  mass production. A prolific inventor and canny businessman, Ford was responsible for the Model T and Model A automobiles, as well as the immensely popular Fordson tractor, the V8 engine, a submarine chaser, and the Tin Goose passenger plane. Fast Facts: Henry Ford Known For: American industrialist, founder of the Ford Motor CompanyBorn: July 30, 1863 in Dearborn, MichiganParents: Mary Litogot Ahern Ford (1839–1876) and William Ford (1826–1905) (m. April 21, 1861)Died: April 7, 1947 in Dearborn, MichiganEducation: Scotch Settlement School in Dearborn to the 6th grade, apprentice in a machine shop, and general business studies at Bryant Stratton Business University in DetroitPublished Works: My Life and WorkSpouse: Clara Jane Bryant (m. 1888–1947)Children: Edsel (November 6, 1893–May 26, 1943) Early Life Henry Ford was born on July 30, 1863, one of eight and the oldest of five children that survived to adulthood, to Mary Litogot Ahern and William Ford. William (1826–1905) was an Irish immigrant born in Clonakilty in County Cork who fled the Irish potato famine with two borrowed pounds and  a set of carpentry tools. He settled in Detroit where a number of his uncles lived, and quickly accrued land. At three years of age, Mary Litogot Ahern (1839–1876) and her three brothers were orphaned; Mary was adopted by a couple named Margaret and Patrick Ahern. She and William married on April 21, 1861: Marys dowry included 90 acres and after they were married, their sizable farm totaled 250 acres. By the time Henry was born, they were among the most important and wealthy families in Dearborn. Education Henry was educated in two one-room schoolhouses, the Scottish Settlement School and the Miller School, and he finished six grades. The building was eventually moved to Fords Greenfield village and opened to tourists. From his graduation in 1876, Henry worked on his fathers farm. After the 1878 harvest, however, he abruptly left, walking off without permission to Detroit where he stayed with his fathers sister Rebecca. He took a job at the streetcar manufacturer Michigan Car Company Works, but was fired after six days and had to return home. In 1879, William got Henry an apprenticeship at the James Flower and Brothers Machine shop in Detroit, where he lasted nine months. He left that job for a position at the Detroit Dry Dock Company, which was a pioneer in iron ships and Bessemer steel. Neither job paid him enough to cover his rent, so he took a night job with a jeweler, cleaning and repairing watches. Henry Ford returned to the farm in 1882, where he operated a small portable steam threshing machine—the Westinghouse Agricultural Engine—for a neighbor. He was very good at it, and over the summers of 1883 and 1884, he was hired by the company to operate and repair engines made and sold in Michigan and northern Ohio. Marriage and Future Plans In December 1885, Ford met Clara Jane Bryant (1866–1950) at a New Years Eve party and they married on April 11, 1888. Ford continued to work the farm—his father gave him an acreage—but his heart was in tinkering. He clearly had business in mind. Over the winters of 1888 through 1890, Henry Ford enrolled in Goldsmith, Bryant Stratton Business University in Detroit, where he likely took penmanship, bookkeeping, mechanical drawing, and general business practices. By the early 1890s, Ford was convinced that he could construct a horseless carriage. He didnt know enough about electricity, however, so in September 1891 he took a job with the Edison Illuminating Company in Detroit. After his first and only son Edsel was born on November 6, 1893, Ford was promoted to chief engineer. By 1896, Ford had built his first working horseless carriage, which he named a quadricyle. He sold it in order to finance work on an improved model—a delivery wagon. On April 17, 1897, Ford applied for a patent for a carburetor, and on August 5, 1899, the Detroit Automobile Company was formed. Ten days later, Ford quit the Edison Illuminating Company.  And on January 12, 1900, the Detroit Automobile Company released the delivery wagon as its first commercial automobile, designed by Henry Ford. Ford Motors Ford incorporated the Ford Motor Company in 1903, proclaiming, I will build a car for the great multitude. In October 1908, he did so, the Model T—Ford numbered his models by the letters of the alphabet, although not all of them made it to production. First priced at $950, over the Model T eventually dipped as low as $280 during its 19 years of production. Nearly 15,000,000 were sold in the United States alone. The Model T heralds the beginning of the Motor Age; Fords innovation was a car evolved from a luxury item for the well-to-do to an essential form of transportation for the ordinary man, which that ordinary man could repair and maintain by himself. Ford did not invent the assembly line, but he championed it and used it to revolutionize manufacturing processes in the United States. By 1914, his Highland Park, Michigan plant used innovative production techniques to turn out a complete chassis every 93 minutes. This was a stunning improvement over the earlier production time of 728 minutes. Using a constantly-moving assembly line, subdivision of labor, and careful coordination of operations, Ford realized huge gains in productivity and personal wealth. In 1914, Ford began paying his employees $5 a day, nearly doubling the wages offered by other manufacturers. He cut the workday from nine to eight hours in order to convert the factory to a three-shift workday. Fords mass-production techniques would eventually allow for the manufacture of a Model T every 24 seconds. His innovations made him an international celebrity. On May 27, 1927, production ended for the Ford Model T. Other Projects Although best known for the Model T, Ford was a restless man and had a substantial number of side projects. One of his most successful was a tractor, called the Fordson, which he began developing in 1906. It was built on a Model B engine with a large water tank in place of a standard radiator. By 1916, he had built working prototypes, and when World War I started, he produced them internationally. The Fordson continued to be made in the U.S. until 1928; his factories in Cork, Ireland and Dagenham, England made Fordsons throughout World War II. During World War I, he designed the Eagle, a submarine chaser powered by a steam turbine. It carried an advanced submarine detection device. Sixty were put into service by 1919, but the costs of development were much higher than original estimates—for one thing, Ford had to excavate canals near his plants to test and transport the new ships. Ford also built hydroelectric plants, eventually constructing 30 of them, including two for the U.S. government: one on the Hudson River near Troy, New York, and one on the Mississippi River at Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota. He had a project called Ford Estates, in which he would buy up properties and rehab them for other purposes. In 1931, he bought the 18th-century manor Boreham House in Essex, England, and a surrounding 2,000 acres of land. He never lived there but set up Boreham House as an Institute of Agricultural Engineering to train men and women on new technologies. Another Ford Estates project was cooperative farming properties in several rural areas in the U.S. and U.K., where people lived in cottages and raised crops and animals. The Tri-Motor and the Model A Ford refused to produce arms for either war, but he did make engines suitable for aircraft, jeeps, and ambulances. Made by the Ford Airplane Company, the Ford Tri-Motor, or Tin Goose, was the mainstay of the earliest airplane passenger service between the late 1920s and early 1930s. Even though only 199 were ever built, Fords all-metal construction, 15-passenger capacity planes suited almost all of the early airliners until newer. larger, and faster planes from Boeing and Douglas supplanted them. By the late 1920s, Henry Ford finally began to take his automobile competition seriously. Although personally convinced that the Model T was all the car anyone would ever need, he recognized that the demand was there for a new car. In 1927, he reluctantly shut down manufacturing the Model T and began design on an entirely new car, the Model A. It was only competitive in the U.S. market for about four years. After the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, Ford became one of the major U.S. military contractors, supplying airplanes, engines, jeeps, and tanks. Legacy and Death Ford was a shrewd businessman and very much of a showman, with a fairly thin skin. In 1919 he sued the Chicago Tribune for libel for writing an editorial in which the  Tribune  called him an anarchist and ignorant idealist.  He wrote and rewrote his biography multiple times beginning in 1922, and he sponsored the restoration of an idyllic rural town called Greenfield Village which was built in part to act as a tourist destination celebrating his life and work. Yet, Ford continued to innovate. In 1932, Henry Ford introduced his last engineering triumph: his en block, or one-piece, lightweight, inexpensive V-8 engine; and on January 13, 1942, he patented a plastic-bodied automobile—a car 30% lighter than metal cars. Fords affordable Model T irrevocably altered American society. As more Americans owned cars, urbanization patterns changed. The United States saw the growth of suburbia, the creation of a national highway system, and a population entranced with the possibility of going anywhere anytime. Ford witnessed many of these changes during his lifetime, all the while personally longing for the agrarian lifestyle of his youth. The last few years, Henry Ford visibly slowed down, and on April 7, 1947, he died in his home in Dearborn. Controversy There is unfortunately ample evidence that Ford was a bigot, whose writings include several statements referring to white supremacy. According to a recent article in Quartz, even though he hired black employees and paid them the same as white ones, he was concerned that they and his other workers would be infected by the evil of jazz music, so he suggested that square dancing could be put forward as an alternative place where white people could hang out.   Sources Bryan, Ford Richardson. Beyond the Model T: The Other Ventures of Henry Ford. 2nd ed. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1997.Clara: Mrs. Henry Ford. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2013.Casey, Bob. Henry Ford: Founder, Ford Motor Company. Henry Ford org.  Ford, Henry. My Life and Work. Fords memoir was published several times and with numerous editions, the book was first written, in association with Samuel Crowther, in 1922.Lewis, David L. The Public Image of Henry Ford: An American Folk Hero and His Company. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1976.Pennacchia, Robyn. America’s wholesome square dancing tradition is a tool of white supremacy. Quartz, December 12, 2017.Swigger, Jessica. History Is Bunk: Historical Memories at Henry Fords Greenfield Village. University of Texas, 2008.Weiss, David A. The Saga of the Tin Goose: The Story of the Ford Tri-Motor. 3rd ed. Trafford, 2013Wik, Reynold M. Henry Ford and Grass-roots America. Ann Arbor: The University of Mi chigan Press, 1973.Wood, John Cunningham and Michael C. Wood (eds). Henry Ford: Critical Evaluations in Business and Management, Volume 1. London: Routledge, 2003.

Early Childhood Play Observation Paper - 1567 Words

Kaushiga Selvamanickam ECE: 101 INTRODUCTION TO EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION PLAY OBSERVATIOIN PAPER The School I Selected For the Play Observation Is QUINSIGAMOND CHILDREN’S SCHOOL AN EARLY EDUCATION AND CHILDCARE PROGRAM. This school is a licensed childcare program and NAEYC accelerated. The center is providing child care program for children age from 2.9 to 5 years old. There is 2 preschool classroom, I did my observation in preschool classroom room no: 1 on 10/2/2017 time from 9am to 10am. There are around 13 children in the classroom. All the children’s engaged several activities like As I started to observe, two children name Theodore and Stella both of them was doodling lines in a paper. Theodore sat in chair drawing lines in paper†¦show more content†¦When teacher asking him where he got he just show the direction with right hand and again started to play alone. This is example of solitary play. A solitary play is a form of a play in which child plays alone even though other children may be present. Here Benjamin was playing with soccer ball for quit a long time alone. Across the room there were group of boys playing with constructive materials they were using constructive toys, toy bricks. They found orange caps which resembles like original cap. All the boys started to wear them. Benjamin had a tough time in keeping his cap head, he used g both of his hands to hold the cap in head. Benjamin sat on his knees holding a pipe in left hand and hammer in right hand and started to bang, Luke brought a wrench toy and said, â€Å"Here use this†. Theodo re came to the teacher and said Benjamin (small child) pinched me in finger and Zackery came and asked â€Å"what happened your finger?† Then Zackery. Theodore and Zackery started to unrolled a paper looks like a building map and were started talking themselves about the door, â€Å"This is the door† said Theodore. 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Theory of Management

Question : Discuss about the Theory of Management ? Answer : Communication Theory It would be correct to say that both verbal and nonverbal communication is integral part of communication. It is also important to mention that communication is much more than talking. In fact, the effectiveness of any communication depends a lot on then listening skills of the parties involved in the communication process. The objective of this paper is to discuss a communication event and analyze the event with any established model or theory of communication. Simply defined, communication is a two way process in which the data or information flows from source to receiver. The communication can be verbal or non verbal in nature. However, the communication would definitely involve more than one person (Eberhardt Schwaiger, 2016). It is also correct to say that communication could be intentional and unintentional in nature. There are cases when we are in the process of interacting with other people but we are not aware of that. The communication event that I would discuss in this paper is the communication between my friend and his landlord. This event happened when my friend (Ricky) visited a family to rent a flat. Ricky wanted to have a positive impression in the minds of the landlord (Mr. Dcosta). In fact, Mr. Dcosta invited Ricky for a quick chat. I happened to be with Ricky at that time. The entire communication event was not a lengthy event. The communication lasted for close to 25 minutes. The good thing is that Ricky was able to impress Mr. Dcosta and he was able to get the flat for rent. The event started with few direct questions. Mr. Dcosta wanted to known about the family background of Ricky. Once the questions and answers session was done, Ricky took the driver started and he started to negotiate the rent with Mr. Dcosta. The communication was mainly verbal in nature. However, it also included certain elements of non-verbal communication. Some of the non-verbal communication channels or gesture s observed during the communication process were behavior of Rocky, eye contact made by Mr. Dcosta etc. There are two types of communication models that could be used. The first model is the transmission model and the second model is the transactional model. The transmission model sees communication as the transfer of messages from source to receiver, using a medium (Bishop, 2014). At the same time, the transactional model sees communication as the creation or negotiation of meaning in two or more parties responding to their environment and each other. Another model of non-verbal communication could be applied in this case. There are various aspects of non-verbal communication that matters a lot. These aspects would include the dressing sense, the greeting sense. Ricky was able to get the better deal he was confident about himself. He had a high self-esteem and this helped him to negotiate in an effective manner. The use of the communication models in this event can be discussed as: The above communication event could be analyzed further with couple of communication theories. One of the most basic models of communication that could be applied in this scenario is AIDA model. AIDA stands for Attention, Interest, Desire and Action (Rawal, 2013). The AIDA model could be applied in the pre-stage of the meeting. This was the time when Ricky saw the advertisement of the flat on a social media network. The son of Mr. Dcosta floated that advertisement with the contact number of Mr. Dcosta. This advertisement grabbed the attention of Ricky. He was interested in the flat and he showed the desire by calling Mr. Dcosta. This desire was followed by the action of personal meeting between Mr. Dcosta and Ricky. Another communication model that could be applied in this case is Westely and Maclean communication model. This model suggests that communication begins only when a person receives message from surroundings (Manca, 2015). Each receiver responds to the message they received based on their object of orientation. There were a lot of external parameters that could be applied in this case. The external parameters or the surrounding factors would include the recommendation of family members of Mr. Dcosta, the suggestions given by friends of Ricky, the non verbal parameters at the time of meeting, the initial perception of both the parties etc. Another communication model that could be used in the above situation is face-negotiation theory. This theory may not be applied directly in the situation. However, the theory can be applied indirectly as Ricky wanted to negotiate the best deal. This theory suggests that the negotiation between two parties depends a lot on the external or the cultural factors. Therefore, it is important that the parties involved in the negotiation should have a holistic understanding of the other parties involved in the negotiation process (Fletcher, 2014). The theories discussed in the above paper like AIDA model, Westely and Maclean, Face-Negotiation model could be applied to various communication events. These theories are useful from a theoretical perspective and it can also have practical implications. It is believed that the theoretical framework acts as the basis of any practical implications. Therefore, I believe that the theories are useful and could be applied across various communication events. It is also possible that various theories could be applicable to a single event. While applying the multiple theories to a single event, it is important that the theories should be prioritized in order of the relevance. References Bishop, J., 2014. Representations of trolls in mass media communication: a review of media-texts and moral panics relating to internet trolling. International Journal of Web Based Communities, 10(1), pp.7-24. Eberhardt, J.E. and Schwaiger, M., 2016, July. The impact of mass media on corporate reputationan empirical investigation of media topics, their amount and v alence. In 2016 Global Marketing Conference at Hong Kong (pp. 1239-1240). Fletcher, C.V., Nakazawa, M., Chen, Y.W., Oetzel, J.G., Ting-Toomey, S., Chang, S.J. and Zhang, Q., 2014. Establishing cross-cultural measurement equivalence of scales associated with face-negotiation theory: A critical issue in cross-cultural comparisons. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 7(2), pp.148-169. Manca, L. 2015. A Hypothesis about the Role of Gateopener in the Westley-MacLean Model. Interdisciplinary Essays on Environment and Culture: One Planet, One Humanity, and the Media, 69. Rawal, P. 2013. AIDA Marketing Communication Model: Stimulating a purchase decision in the minds of the consumers through a linear progression of steps.IRCs International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Social Management,1, 37-44.

To what extent have the burden of duties and responsibilities catalyzed Gregor’s metamorphosis Essay Example For Students

To what extent have the burden of duties and responsibilities catalyzed Gregor’s metamorphosis? Essay Franz Kafka, born in 1883, a Jewish Austrian author, published the novella ‘the metamorphosis’ in 1915. He has portrayed a life of failure in the extraordinary sequence of metamorphosis of a decent man into a worthless bug. The extravagancy of the story and the powerful themes presented in the book was the reflection of the consequences of Kafka’s private life. Somehow, he has injected his social and political views in the fictional character of the story, and has tried to narrate his experiences and criticize certain political and cultural issues. The author has attributed the main character using his own characteristics, as effects of medium-level schizoid, a personality disorder, has been appeared in the traits of the persona, which it supposedly influenced Kafka in most of his works. We will write a custom essay on To what extent have the burden of duties and responsibilities catalyzed Gregor’s metamorphosis? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Franz Kafka has created a surreal world for the main protagonist, where the character has lost its senses, and has been metaphorically entered into an emotional black hole and does not know that his good intentions to support his family and be a decent employee has been the influence of his metamorphosis. Gregor Samsa has been described to be a â€Å"man of duties†. Military services, at the younger stages of the character’s life, as the author has described, is the character’s only â€Å"good memory† left, as Gregor had a picture of himself as a lieutenant, â€Å"smiling and worry free, with his hands on his sword, demand respect for his bearing and uniform†. The author, by the use of diction makes the reader to instantly realize the bizarreness of the main character, and foreshadows the decay and deterioration in the character’s life, as the irony of ‘good memories in military services’, opposes readers expectations. However, t his might be an allegory to the famous events of war, during the early 20th century. Kafka, has tried to portray Gregor’s life as a war, where a feared, selfless man would have no chance surviving from the fierce flames of fire. By that means, aggression is the only solution of survival from the life of an insect, which is a sign of rebellion from the author to objectify the purpose of war, and the society’s belief in physical power to be the critical key of success. Gregor is â€Å"concerned about his parents and his sister†, and the fact that he has given up everything on his private life, and works to pay off his family’s debts, shows his true love for his family. Kafka illustrates his beliefs in independency and freedom of the societies, by debilitating the persona from bearing the burden of his family’s debts. This signifyies the immorality of a dependent society, as his family is powerless and vulnerable in a capitalistic society, which is the cause of his alienation. Consequently, â€Å"a slight indisposition, a dizzy spell†, prevents Gregor to be an ordinary human. Although, Gregor has been using different factors and reasons to excuse his reluctant behavior towards a change in his lifestyle, his parents have affected his situation tremendously, whereas â€Å"if it wasn’t for his parents’ sake, he could have quit ages ago†. Despite that he has been alienated from his family, they still live under the same roof, simply because of the financial weariness of the family. Despite Gregor’s gratis efforts for his family, the perfect example of a dramatic irony is when he has not been appreciated by his parents, and has been treated as a worker as they have â€Å"simply got used to it†. The author escalates the dramatic tension, as a socially ill person who is incapable of communicating with his environment has to bear the excruciating pain of the ignorance of his parents towards himself. Kafka might have been influenced by his own life, as the settings and the characteristics of the novella is very similar to that o f his own. Gregor’s relationship with his father, may have been a slight indication to Kafka’s family and his inability to correlate with his parents especially, his father. .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab , .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab .postImageUrl , .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab , .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab:hover , .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab:visited , .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab:active { border:0!important; } .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab:active , .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u29bd3d33d4337db3c13bed38901f7fab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Telephone Conversation EssayGregor’s sister, Grete, is another character that Kafka has used to illustrate Gregor’s dependency, and his abnormal metamorphosis into a beetle. Grete is the person who takes care of Gregor, which clearly indicates the unconventional circumstances of Gregor, literalizes the metamorphosis, and removes the story from the shed of dreams, and surrealism, as if he was really transformed into an insect. Gret is the only character that shows pity for Gregor, and treats him as a human and most important of all as her brother. However, Kafka moderately changes the views of Grete on Gregor, as Gregor reveals himself to the boarders. Grete f eeds him and helps him in ordinary things, but she gets disgusted by his bug like, sordid actions. She gave up on her and realized that â€Å"the only solution was that, Gregor must go†, and that’s where the effects of schizoid emerges in Kafka’s distinct writing style. He isolates Gregor and tortures him, as he turns Gregor’s sister, his only nurturer against him, which the abandoned feeling touches the readers mind and creates a claustrophobic mood, as a ‘human bug’ not only loses his job and identity but also his family. Gregor’s only occupation is his job, although â€Å"travelling is exhausting for him, but he couldn’t live without it†. Kafka by explaining Gregor’s â€Å"demanding job†, his tremendous â€Å"work stress† and â€Å"joyless life† is a symbolization of a prisoner who is being tortured everyday and cannot escape in any sort. However, his workaholic character and persistency in his job, endorsed his boss to be dominant towards him. Kafka, has exposed his political views, and has indirectly objected Nazism and also capitalism to some extent, by the use of diction and strong phrases such as, â€Å"with his fist†, or â€Å"behind his desk†, which explicitly elucidates the idea of the â€Å"power of a boss†, and the disastrous discriminations that Jews were suffering from, during Nazism in Austria. The author by explicating Gregor and his boss compares an ineffectual person in a capitalistic society, where power of a perso n defines his personality, to a bug, which is almost useless and incapable in an animalistic environment. Gregor had â€Å"nothing in his mind but business†, and his fear of losing the job has made his boss to take advantage of his paralyzed situation, therefore the sordid conditions would carry on until he would stand up to him, but Kafka showed no signs of rebellion, as the character Gregor, carried on living reluctantly. Although one cannot disregard the protagonist view of the author, as the Gregor finds himself in an extraordinary situation that challenges his will. The unsympathetic character, Gregor, initially struggles to redeem himself, and in the process of the novel, his identity gradually develops, as his positive qualities become evident to the reader. Of all the factors and characters’ role in the Gregor’s life, it is Gregor himself that has been the most heinous towards himself. Gregor’s characteristics, has made the other characters to be manipulative and to some extent the greediness of their actions towards Gregor, is the cause of ‘the metamorphosis’. The author describes Gregor’s career as a failure, whereas â€Å"other salesmen live like a harem women, and enjoy their life.†If he were to try to live the same life as them, his boss would â€Å"throw him up on the spot†, which again the power of the boss and his dominance against the employee has been emphasized, and is an indication to the Gregor’s over responsible nature, which has been recognized by his family and especially by his boss, whereas once being late from work, surprised his boss and caused him to go over to Gregor’s house to find out that â€Å"how could Gregor miss the train?†. The effe ct of Gregor’s duties and responsibilities on him was the preliminary cause of the metamorphosis. However, in an ordinary life, a responsible man, who provides for his family and tries to concur with his boss, in order to become a good employee, would not be treated as feckless beetle. Therefore, duties and responsibilities were not the only incites that provoked the metamorphosis, but the surreal environment, the ungrateful family, the financial situation, and most importantly Gregor himself were the catalysts of the metamorphosis of Gregor into a beetle.